world war 1
The First World War was a new kind of war- one that had no formation lines, and had new technologies that had yet to be seen. But before we discuss the terrible First World War, we must know the causes.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary wasn't known to be the most aggressive leader, but he was important to the empire. His family faced opposition from the Serbs, and when the chance was given, he was assassinated on June 20, 1914. This terrible killing then led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. Germany took up arms with Austria-Hungary, and Russia backed their Serbian brothers. France declared war against Russia, and when German troops marched over Belgium, Great Britain joined the war.
1914
Central: Allied:
Austria-Hungary Great Britain
Germany France
Serbia
Russia
1914
Central: Allied:
Austria-Hungary Great Britain
Germany France
Serbia
Russia
Now, Europe had officially delved most of their greatest powers into the war. The United States' President Woodrow Wilson represented the majority of citizens' opinion: isolationism. He, like most others, believed that European affairs should stay European affairs, and that focusing on America was going to be the best for us. Thus, the United States did its best to stay out of the war- until some things happened.
The Lusitania was a passenger ship that carried some cargo. Although many warnings had been broadcast-ed to Americans, some chose to sail on this ship in Europe. German submarines, or U-boats, were very aggressive. Even though there were international policies concerning firing down ships with passengers rather than war cargo, German submarines went ahead and shot the Lusitania down. One hundred and twenty-eight American citizens died in the sinking.
The second, vital cause is the Zimmerman Telegram. Mr. Zimmerman was a German official that sent Mexico a telegram. In it, Zimmerman basically said, "If you were to join the German side, and take up war against the United States, Germany will help you win back the territories you have lost to the United States." When this telegram was discovered, On April 2, 1917, the United States joined the war on the side of Allied Powers.
The United States poured itself into fighting the war. Women at home conserved greens and fruits by planting 'victory gardens', became nurses, and took up jobs in the textile industry, where they created uniforms. The First World War was also the first to use the draft- so millions of young men were taken into training. Camps in Georgia included Fort Benning, Fort McPherson, Camp Gordon, and Camp Wheeler. These camps trained soldiers, educated mechanics, and exported supplies.
The Lusitania was a passenger ship that carried some cargo. Although many warnings had been broadcast-ed to Americans, some chose to sail on this ship in Europe. German submarines, or U-boats, were very aggressive. Even though there were international policies concerning firing down ships with passengers rather than war cargo, German submarines went ahead and shot the Lusitania down. One hundred and twenty-eight American citizens died in the sinking.
The second, vital cause is the Zimmerman Telegram. Mr. Zimmerman was a German official that sent Mexico a telegram. In it, Zimmerman basically said, "If you were to join the German side, and take up war against the United States, Germany will help you win back the territories you have lost to the United States." When this telegram was discovered, On April 2, 1917, the United States joined the war on the side of Allied Powers.
The United States poured itself into fighting the war. Women at home conserved greens and fruits by planting 'victory gardens', became nurses, and took up jobs in the textile industry, where they created uniforms. The First World War was also the first to use the draft- so millions of young men were taken into training. Camps in Georgia included Fort Benning, Fort McPherson, Camp Gordon, and Camp Wheeler. These camps trained soldiers, educated mechanics, and exported supplies.
World War I was also revolutionary in technology. It was the first to include an aerial force, submarines, and machine guns. These, along with other new inventions, made the war much more brutal. There was also the limited formation of trenches. This meant that rather than the straight line-formations that we saw in the 1800 and 1700s war was fought in trench warfare. Soldiers would hide in the trenches and shoot from the top, aiming for the side that was going to rush the trenches. It was a very costly way to win, but it worked.
Meanwhile, Russia was going through inner turmoil. The Tsar Nicholas abdicated, and Lenin takes over in November of 1917. Immediately they draw out of the war and start fighting an civil war concerning socialist issues.
Finally, after another year of war, on November 11, 1918, in the eleventh hour, Germany and the Allied Powers signed an armistice. President Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan to keep the peace. In the Treaty of Versailles, he showed off a plan to create the League of Nations. The League of Nations would be a community of national officers, that instead of warring out conflicts, could use the community to make civil decisions and smooth out wrinkles. The Treaty of Versailles was written and agreed to in the same meeting.
CASUALTIES AND DEATHS
Unfortunately, more soldiers would die of disease rather than of the war.
Meanwhile, Russia was going through inner turmoil. The Tsar Nicholas abdicated, and Lenin takes over in November of 1917. Immediately they draw out of the war and start fighting an civil war concerning socialist issues.
Finally, after another year of war, on November 11, 1918, in the eleventh hour, Germany and the Allied Powers signed an armistice. President Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan to keep the peace. In the Treaty of Versailles, he showed off a plan to create the League of Nations. The League of Nations would be a community of national officers, that instead of warring out conflicts, could use the community to make civil decisions and smooth out wrinkles. The Treaty of Versailles was written and agreed to in the same meeting.
CASUALTIES AND DEATHS
Unfortunately, more soldiers would die of disease rather than of the war.
the great depression
Shortly after the war, America went through a phase of tremendous growth. The wartime production mean that every industry, especially manufacturing, was on an all time high. This period of time was called the Roaring 20s, full of flappers, girls with short skirts and even shorter hair, jazz and blues music, and dance crazes like the Charleston. During this time, the government focused mainly on America rather than in international affairs. The Wall Street Market was growing and growing, but even with the prosperity of speakeasies and organized crime, the majority of the population lived in poverty.
The Great Depression came the Stock Market suffered a small dip. This small dip however caused a series of reactions that end up being most closely related to the Great Depression. Those who had invested their money into the stock market weren't actually investing their money- they were investing borrowed money. This money was borrowed, and was expected to be paid back with interest. However, when the market crashed, all the money was gone, or the stock was worth little. The money borrowed couldn't be paid back. When investors flooded into banks to withdraw their money (of which the bank no longer had) the banks turned them all away. Millions of dollars were lost, and millions of lives suffered.
Because the banks were out, businesses couldn't function either. Workers were laid off in the thousands. Hundreds of thousands of people moved around the country looking for jobs where there were none. In fact, unemployment was 25 percent of the total population. They would live in shantytowns, often nicknamed Hoovervilles for the president of the time, Herbert Hoover.
Herbert Hoover was not a fantastic president. Under his administration, the Great Depression occurred. Although he did try to help the economy, he, like many other presidents, was into the laissez-faire concept. Laissez- faire was the idea of the government staying out of the economy.
What really saved America from the Great Depression was the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He knew a new outlook had to be taken for America to grow again, so he created a board of new-thinkers. Together, they created the New Deal- a massive reform project to save America. At the same time, countries overseas were down in the dumps alongside America.
The New Deal focused on three things- relief, recovery, and reform. Under Roosevelt, the government took more responsibility in the economy. For example , the Civilian Conservation Corps hired young men to work for the government and build public works projects. They built roads, railroads, and parks. They made very little money, but it was enough to feed themselves. Then, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured every investors have up to 5.000 USD of their savings in the banks at all times. This was made to help Americans trust banks again. In fact, the FDIC is still in works today, and the limit has gone up to 100,000 USD. Another great New Deal program was the Rural Electrification Act. It gave states funding so that they could help farmers in rural areas increase production and spending.
However, the Great Depression could not be stopped just by President Roosevelt and his New Deal. Unfortunately, many historians point to the start of WWII as the true reason why America was healed.
The Great Depression came the Stock Market suffered a small dip. This small dip however caused a series of reactions that end up being most closely related to the Great Depression. Those who had invested their money into the stock market weren't actually investing their money- they were investing borrowed money. This money was borrowed, and was expected to be paid back with interest. However, when the market crashed, all the money was gone, or the stock was worth little. The money borrowed couldn't be paid back. When investors flooded into banks to withdraw their money (of which the bank no longer had) the banks turned them all away. Millions of dollars were lost, and millions of lives suffered.
Because the banks were out, businesses couldn't function either. Workers were laid off in the thousands. Hundreds of thousands of people moved around the country looking for jobs where there were none. In fact, unemployment was 25 percent of the total population. They would live in shantytowns, often nicknamed Hoovervilles for the president of the time, Herbert Hoover.
Herbert Hoover was not a fantastic president. Under his administration, the Great Depression occurred. Although he did try to help the economy, he, like many other presidents, was into the laissez-faire concept. Laissez- faire was the idea of the government staying out of the economy.
What really saved America from the Great Depression was the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He knew a new outlook had to be taken for America to grow again, so he created a board of new-thinkers. Together, they created the New Deal- a massive reform project to save America. At the same time, countries overseas were down in the dumps alongside America.
The New Deal focused on three things- relief, recovery, and reform. Under Roosevelt, the government took more responsibility in the economy. For example , the Civilian Conservation Corps hired young men to work for the government and build public works projects. They built roads, railroads, and parks. They made very little money, but it was enough to feed themselves. Then, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured every investors have up to 5.000 USD of their savings in the banks at all times. This was made to help Americans trust banks again. In fact, the FDIC is still in works today, and the limit has gone up to 100,000 USD. Another great New Deal program was the Rural Electrification Act. It gave states funding so that they could help farmers in rural areas increase production and spending.
However, the Great Depression could not be stopped just by President Roosevelt and his New Deal. Unfortunately, many historians point to the start of WWII as the true reason why America was healed.
world war 2
World War II was another tragic war. After the Great Depression, many countries were in debt and trying to dig their way out. For Germany, it was even worse. Germany had to pay out reparations, or money to help pay for war damages, to many countries. By the Treaty of Versailles, they were not allowed to partake in massive military buildup- but that's what they did. A fellow named Adolf Hitler rose through the ranks of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi Party for short. He wrote Mein Kampf, english My Struggle, and it outlined his views on war, and the future of Germany. Eventually, he was named Chancellor of Germany, where he then changed the government into an autocracy, declaring himself Fuhrer.
Adolf Hitler became very good friends Benito Mussolini, dictator of fascist Italy. Together, they formed the Axis Powers. In the fall of 1939, Hitler organized the blitzkrieg, or quick invasion, of Poland. The country fell quickly. Along with Great Britain, France and Canada joined the war. Hitler's army was on a run of wins. They eventually took over France. However, a small resistance group still did their best to sabotage the German army.
On the other side of the world, Japan was invading various Asian countries for resources. They allied themselves with Italy and Germany, and their emperor Hirohito wielded complete power, just like Mussolini and Hitler did in their respective countries. Because of Japan's alliance with the Axis Powers, America stopped trade completely. Japan, however, needed this trade to fund the war, but they also needed America to stay out of the war, which it had been doing. Instead, America had been shipping supplies and arms under the Lend-Lease Act to the Allied Powers. Many American citizens were isolationists, people who wanted to focus on domestic issues, or pacifists, people who thought war was pointless.
But, the "day that will live in infamy" changed that forever. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a naval base. Within the next few days, America was on the move. They joined the side of the Allied Powers, and those forces together were able to battle the Axis Powers.
On June 6, 1944, British, American, and Canadian forces invade Normandy, France, in Operation Overload, more known as D-Day. The battle was successful, and Hitler knew that his empire was soon going to lose. He, alongside his lover Ada Braun, committed suicide shortly after. On May 8, America celebrates V-E Day, Victory in Europe.
Since 1939, there was something terrible lurking behind what German was showing. The Holocaust, an attempted genocide of Jews, gypsies, and Romas had been going on. Killing camps, concentration camps, and labor camps starved, gassed, and burned people, young and old alike, to death. At the same time, America was also developing a terrifying invention: the atomic bomb. The Manhattan tested its bombs in July 1945.
On August 14, 1945, Japan declared unconditional surrender following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The American government places a temporary rebuilding government in Japan, with American General MacArthur at the head.
Adolf Hitler became very good friends Benito Mussolini, dictator of fascist Italy. Together, they formed the Axis Powers. In the fall of 1939, Hitler organized the blitzkrieg, or quick invasion, of Poland. The country fell quickly. Along with Great Britain, France and Canada joined the war. Hitler's army was on a run of wins. They eventually took over France. However, a small resistance group still did their best to sabotage the German army.
On the other side of the world, Japan was invading various Asian countries for resources. They allied themselves with Italy and Germany, and their emperor Hirohito wielded complete power, just like Mussolini and Hitler did in their respective countries. Because of Japan's alliance with the Axis Powers, America stopped trade completely. Japan, however, needed this trade to fund the war, but they also needed America to stay out of the war, which it had been doing. Instead, America had been shipping supplies and arms under the Lend-Lease Act to the Allied Powers. Many American citizens were isolationists, people who wanted to focus on domestic issues, or pacifists, people who thought war was pointless.
But, the "day that will live in infamy" changed that forever. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a naval base. Within the next few days, America was on the move. They joined the side of the Allied Powers, and those forces together were able to battle the Axis Powers.
On June 6, 1944, British, American, and Canadian forces invade Normandy, France, in Operation Overload, more known as D-Day. The battle was successful, and Hitler knew that his empire was soon going to lose. He, alongside his lover Ada Braun, committed suicide shortly after. On May 8, America celebrates V-E Day, Victory in Europe.
Since 1939, there was something terrible lurking behind what German was showing. The Holocaust, an attempted genocide of Jews, gypsies, and Romas had been going on. Killing camps, concentration camps, and labor camps starved, gassed, and burned people, young and old alike, to death. At the same time, America was also developing a terrifying invention: the atomic bomb. The Manhattan tested its bombs in July 1945.
On August 14, 1945, Japan declared unconditional surrender following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The American government places a temporary rebuilding government in Japan, with American General MacArthur at the head.
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